What Does CAB Stand For in CPR?
The acronym CAB in CPR stands for Chest Compressions, Airway, Breathing. This represents the current recommended order of actions for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an adult. Let's break down each component:
1. Chest Compressions:
This is the most crucial part of CPR and should be initiated first. Effective chest compressions help circulate blood containing oxygen to the brain and other vital organs. The goal is to provide forceful, rhythmic compressions at the correct depth and rate. This is done by placing the heel of one hand in the center of the chest (between the nipples) and placing the other hand on top. Then, using your body weight, you push down hard and fast, aiming for at least 2 inches of chest compression depth for adults.
2. Airway:
Once chest compressions are underway, you then need to open the airway to allow for effective breathing. This is usually done by tilting the head back and lifting the chin (the head-tilt-chin-lift maneuver). This helps ensure the tongue doesn't block the airway. For people who might have a spinal injury, a modified jaw thrust should be used instead.
3. Breathing:
After opening the airway, you provide rescue breaths. These breaths help deliver oxygen into the lungs. For adults, this typically involves giving two rescue breaths after every 30 chest compressions. Each breath should last about one second and make the chest visibly rise.
Why the Change to CAB?
Previously, the order was ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation). The shift to CAB reflects a greater understanding of the importance of chest compressions in maintaining blood flow and increasing the chances of survival. Starting with compressions helps ensure that the heart is pumping blood, even if it's not doing so effectively on its own.
What if I'm not trained in CPR?
If you are untrained, call emergency services immediately and then start chest compressions. While rescue breaths are important, initiating chest compressions quickly is the most critical action. Many emergency responders focus on chest compressions first during the early stages of resuscitation, emphasizing their critical role.
What are the differences in CPR for children and infants?
CPR techniques vary slightly depending on the age of the person. While the principles of CAB remain the same, the compression depth, rate, and rescue breath techniques differ for children and infants. Proper training is crucial for effectively administering CPR to different age groups. Hands-only CPR might also be emphasized in some situations depending on the setting and skill level of the rescuer.
It's always recommended to take a CPR course to learn the proper techniques and be prepared to help in an emergency situation. Knowing what CAB stands for and the order of actions is a vital first step, but proper training offers crucial life-saving knowledge and skills.
