Astigmatism is a common refractive error affecting the eye's ability to focus light correctly. Unlike nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism isn't simply about the eye being too long or too short. Instead, it's caused by an irregularly shaped cornea (the clear front part of the eye) or lens. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing sharply on the retina, leading to blurry vision at all distances. While astigmatism often develops in childhood, it can also worsen over time. But what exactly causes this progression? The answer isn't always straightforward, and current research is still exploring the exact mechanisms.
Can Astigmatism Get Worse Over Time?
Yes, astigmatism can worsen over time, particularly during childhood and adolescence. The cornea continues to develop and change shape until the early twenties, so any underlying issues can manifest or progress during these growth years. However, it's important to note that for many people, astigmatism stabilizes in adulthood. Nevertheless, understanding the potential factors contributing to its worsening is crucial.
What are the factors that may make astigmatism worse?
Several factors can potentially contribute to the worsening of astigmatism:
1. Eye Growth and Development: As mentioned earlier, the most significant contributor to worsening astigmatism is the ongoing growth and development of the eye, particularly during childhood and adolescence. As the eye changes shape, so too can the cornea's curvature, leading to an increase in astigmatism.
2. Eye Injuries or Infections: Trauma to the eye, such as a blow to the face, or infections affecting the cornea can significantly alter its shape, potentially leading to a worsening of astigmatism. Corneal scarring from these injuries is a major cause of irregular astigmatism, a particularly challenging form to correct.
3. Certain Medical Conditions: Some medical conditions, including keratoconus (a progressive thinning of the cornea), can cause irregular astigmatism to worsen. Keratoconus often requires specialized contact lenses or even corneal transplantation to correct the vision.
4. Age-Related Changes: While astigmatism often stabilizes in adulthood, some age-related changes can lead to slight shifts in corneal shape, causing a minimal worsening of astigmatism.
5. Genetics: A family history of astigmatism can increase the likelihood of developing and potentially worsening the condition. Genetic predisposition plays a role in the shape and curvature of the cornea.
6. Refractive Surgery Complications: While LASIK and other refractive surgeries can correct astigmatism, there's a small risk of complications that could lead to a change in corneal shape and potentially worsen existing astigmatism.
Does Astigmatism Always Get Worse?
No, astigmatism does not always get worse. For many individuals, the condition stabilizes during adulthood, requiring little to no change in their corrective lenses over time. Regular eye exams are crucial for monitoring any changes and ensuring appropriate correction.
How is Astigmatism Diagnosed and Treated?
Astigmatism is typically diagnosed during a routine eye examination using a comprehensive eye exam that includes assessing the shape of your cornea. Treatment options typically involve corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses), including toric lenses specifically designed to correct astigmatism, or in some cases, refractive surgery.
Can Astigmatism Be Prevented?
There's no definitive way to prevent astigmatism, as it's often related to genetics and eye development. However, regular eye exams are essential for early detection and timely management of the condition. Protecting your eyes from injury is also crucial to prevent complications that could lead to astigmatism worsening.
When Should I See an Eye Doctor?
Schedule an appointment with an ophthalmologist or optometrist if you experience blurry vision, eye strain, headaches, or any other visual disturbances. Regular eye exams are vital, especially for children and adolescents, to monitor eye health and detect any changes in astigmatism or other refractive errors. Early intervention can often prevent more significant problems later in life.
