Keeping your bees healthy and productive requires providing them with consistent access to food, especially during times of nectar dearth or when establishing a new colony. A top feeder offers a convenient and efficient way to supplement your bee's diet, minimizing disruption to the hive and reducing the risk of robbing. This guide explores the benefits, types, and considerations of using a top feeder for your beehive.
What is a Top Bee Feeder?
A top feeder is a beekeeping tool designed to supply supplemental food directly to the top of the hive, usually through an inner cover with a modified opening or a separate feeding device placed on top of the frames. This method avoids the need to open the hive body, reducing stress on the bees and the beekeeper. They're particularly useful for feeding sugar syrup or other supplements.
Why Choose a Top Feeder?
Several advantages make top feeders a popular choice among beekeepers:
- Minimizes Hive Disturbance: Feeding from the top eliminates the need to lift heavy boxes and frames, reducing stress on the bees and the beekeeper. This is especially crucial during critical periods like honey production or winter.
- Reduces Robbing: The design of many top feeders limits access to the food source, minimizing the chances of other bees robbing the hive.
- Easy to Use: Most top feeders are relatively simple to install and use, making them suitable for both beginner and experienced beekeepers.
- Convenient Observation: Some designs allow for easy observation of the bees' feeding activity without opening the hive.
Types of Top Bee Feeders
Several types of top feeders cater to different needs and preferences:
- Entrance Feeders: While not technically "top" feeders, these are often confused with them. They attach to the hive entrance. They are generally less preferred as they are more susceptible to robbing and can attract other insects and pests.
- Frame Feeders: These are designed to sit on top of the frames within the hive body. They often have floats or internal structures to prevent drowning.
- Boardman Feeders: These are shallow trays placed on top of the inner cover. The bees access the syrup through small holes or slits.
- Hive-Top Feeders: These sit directly on top of the inner cover and often incorporate a reservoir and float system. They're generally more expensive but offer a clean and efficient feeding method.
How to Use a Top Feeder
The specific instructions will vary depending on the type of feeder you choose. However, general guidelines include:
- Prepare the Syrup: Use a 1:1 ratio of sugar to water (by weight, not volume). Properly dissolve the sugar completely before feeding.
- Fill the Feeder: Carefully fill the feeder with the prepared syrup, avoiding spillage.
- Place the Feeder: Position the feeder correctly on top of the hive, ensuring it's securely placed and won't tip over.
- Monitor Regularly: Check the feeder regularly to monitor consumption and refill as needed.
What Kind of Syrup Should I Use in a Top Feeder?
A 1:1 sugar water solution is generally the best option for top feeders. Avoid using honey, as it can carry diseases. Some beekeepers add essential oils or other supplements for specific purposes. Always use food-grade sugar.
What are the Disadvantages of Top Feeders?
While top feeders offer many advantages, there are a few potential drawbacks:
- Can Invert if not Stable: Some designs can be prone to tipping over, especially if not securely placed.
- May Attract Pests (though less than entrance feeders): While less prone to robbing than entrance feeders, there's still a small chance of attracting pests.
- Can Be More Expensive: Some top feeder designs can be more costly than other feeding methods.
How Do I Prevent Bees from Drowning in a Top Feeder?
Many modern top feeders incorporate floats or other mechanisms to prevent drowning. If using a simpler design, consider adding floating objects like small pieces of wood or cork to provide the bees with a place to rest while feeding.
How Often Should I Check My Top Feeder?
Check your top feeder at least once a week, more frequently during hot weather. This will allow you to monitor syrup levels and refill as needed. Also, check for any signs of contamination or mold.
Choosing the right top feeder for your beehive depends on your specific needs and preferences. By understanding the different types and considerations, you can ensure your bees receive the necessary nutrition to thrive throughout the year. Remember, proper beekeeping practices, including regular inspections, are essential for a healthy and productive hive.
