Axillary breast tissue removal, also known as axillary dissection or more commonly, axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), is a surgical procedure performed as part of breast cancer treatment. Understanding what to expect before and after this procedure is crucial for patients. This comprehensive guide will address common questions and concerns surrounding axillary breast tissue removal.
What is Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Axillary breast tissue removal involves the removal of lymph nodes from the armpit (axilla). These lymph nodes play a vital role in the body's immune system, filtering fluid and potentially trapping cancer cells that may have spread from the breast. The procedure aims to determine whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and, if necessary, remove cancerous tissue to prevent recurrence.
There are two main types of axillary procedures:
- Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB): This less invasive procedure involves removing only the first few lymph nodes that receive drainage from the breast. It's less likely to cause complications than ALND.
- Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND): This more extensive surgery removes a larger number of lymph nodes from the armpit. It's generally performed if the SLNB reveals cancer in the sentinel nodes.
The choice between SLNB and ALND depends on several factors, including the type and stage of breast cancer, and is determined by the patient's medical oncologist and surgeon in consultation.
What Happens Before Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Before the procedure, patients undergo several preparatory steps:
- Medical History and Physical Exam: A thorough review of the patient's medical history, including any allergies or medications, is conducted. A physical exam will assess overall health and the location and size of the tumor.
- Imaging Tests: Imaging tests like mammograms, ultrasounds, and CT scans may be ordered to further evaluate the extent of the cancer.
- Blood Tests: Blood tests are performed to assess the patient's general health and prepare for surgery.
- Consultation with Anesthesiologist: The anesthesiologist will discuss anesthesia options and answer any questions the patient may have.
- Pre-operative Instructions: The surgical team will provide detailed instructions regarding fasting, medication, and other preparations for the surgery.
What to Expect During Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
Axillary breast tissue removal is typically performed under general anesthesia, meaning the patient is asleep during the procedure. The surgeon makes an incision in the armpit to access the lymph nodes. After the lymph nodes are removed, the incision is closed with sutures or staples. The procedure usually lasts several hours, depending on the extent of the surgery.
What Happens After Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
The recovery period after axillary breast tissue removal varies depending on the extent of the surgery and the individual's healing process. Patients can expect:
- Pain and Discomfort: Pain and discomfort are common in the armpit and shoulder area after surgery. Pain medication is prescribed to manage this discomfort.
- Swelling and Bruising: Swelling and bruising around the incision site are also expected.
- Lymphedema: Lymphedema, swelling in the arm and hand due to impaired lymphatic drainage, is a potential complication of axillary surgery. Strategies to prevent and manage lymphedema will be discussed.
- Limited Range of Motion: Limited range of motion in the arm and shoulder may occur initially. Physical therapy is often recommended to restore mobility.
- Scarring: A scar will remain at the incision site.
How Long is Recovery Time After Axillary Lymph Node Removal?
Recovery time varies but typically ranges from several weeks to several months. Full recovery may take up to a year. Factors influencing recovery time include the extent of the surgery, the individual's overall health, and adherence to the post-operative care plan.
What are the Possible Complications of Axillary Lymph Node Removal?
While axillary lymph node removal is a generally safe procedure, potential complications include:
- Infection: Infection at the incision site is a possibility.
- Bleeding: Excessive bleeding can occur, though it's rare.
- Seromas: Fluid collections (seromas) may form under the skin.
- Lymphedema: As mentioned earlier, lymphedema is a significant concern.
- Numbness: Numbness or tingling in the arm or hand can result from nerve damage.
What is the Long-Term Outlook After Axillary Breast Tissue Removal?
The long-term outlook after axillary breast tissue removal depends on several factors, including the stage of cancer, the type of treatment received, and the patient's overall health. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor for recurrence and manage potential long-term complications like lymphedema.
This information is for general knowledge and should not be considered medical advice. It's crucial to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized information regarding axillary breast tissue removal and its associated risks and benefits. They will be able to answer your specific questions and guide you through the entire process.
